Experiments vs Observation (Why Correlation ≠ Causation)
Info sheet · Statistics for Psychology & Neuroscience
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What you’ll get from this sheet
By the end you should be able to:
- Tell an experiment from an observational study.
- Explain why only randomised manipulation licenses causal claims.
Only a manipulated, randomised variable supports a causal claim; in observational data, a lurking third variable can always explain an association — correlation is not causation.
[Main idea]
TODO — write the core explanation in transcript voice.
[Interactive demo]
TODO — native <input> + string-built SVG / OJS widget (see any built sheet for the pattern).
See it in code
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TipCheck your understanding
TODO — a short question.
TODO — the worked answer.
TODO — a common mistake and how to avoid it.
Where this shows up next
TODO — link to the relevant book chapter.